Revisiting global cognitive and functional state 13 years after a clinical trial of lithium for mild cognitive impairment

Objectives: To re-evaluate a sample of older adults enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of lithium for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 11 to 15 years, re-assessing their current (or last available) global cognitive and functional state. Methods: We recalled all former participants of the Lithium-MCI trial conducted by our group between 2009 and 2012 to perform a single-blinded, cross-sectional evaluation of their global clinical state to compare the long-term outcome of those who received lithium vs. those who received placebo. Results: Of the original sample (n=61), we were able to reach 36 participants (59% of retention), of whom 22 had previously received lithium (61% of the recall sample) and 14 (39%) had received placebo. Since 30.5% of the recalled sample was deceased, psychometric data were collected only for 69.5% of the participants. We found statistically significant differences in current mean Mini Mental State Examination score according to previous treatment group (25.5 [SD, 5.3] vs. 18.3 [SD, 10.9], p = 0.04). The lithium group also had better performance in the phonemic Verbal Fluency Test than the control group (34.4 [SD, 14.4] vs. 11.6 [SD, 10.10], p < 0.001). Differences in these measures also had large effect sizes, as shown by Cohen's d values of 0.92 and 1.78, respectively. Conclusion: This data set suggests that older adults with amnestic MCI who had been treated with lithium during a previous randomized controlled trial had a better long-term global cognitive outcome than those from a matched sample who did not receive the intervention.

Enhancing glass ionomer cement features by using the calcium phosphate nanocomposite

Abstract This study showed the synthesis of Glass ionomer cements (GIC) modified with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nCaP). The nCaP/GIC were submitted to mechanical compression and diametral tensile tests. The biocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cytotoxicity and cell viability tests were performed on the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium-bromide assay and LIVE/DEAD assays. Statistically significant differences were observed for mechanical properties (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.001), nCaP/GIC showed higher resistance to compression and diametral traction. The SEM analyses revealed a uniform distribution nCaP in the ionomer matrix. The EDX and XRD results indicated that hydroxyapatite and calcium β-triphosphate phases. The FTIR spectra revealed the asymmetric band of ν3PO43- between 1100-1030cm-1 and the vibration band associated with ν1PO43- in 963cm-1 associated with nCaP. The nCaP/GIC presented response to adequate cell viability and non-cytotoxic behavior. Therefore, the new nCaP/GIC composite showed great mechanical properties, non-cytotoxic behavior, and adequate response to cell viability with promising dental applications.

Resumo Este estudo apresenta a síntese de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (GIC) modificados com nanopartículas de fosfato de cálcio (nCaP). Os nCaP / GIC foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de compressão e tração diametral. Os biocompósitos foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX), difração de raios-X (XRD) e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os testes de citotoxicidade e viabilidade celular foram realizados em células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea humana usando um ensaio de 3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il) 2,5-difeniltetrazólio-brometo e ensaios LIVE / DEAD. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observadas para as propriedades mecânicas (Kruskal-Wallis, p <0,001), nCaP / GIC apresentou maior resistência à compressão e tração diametral. As análises de SEM revelaram uma distribuição uniforme de nCaP na matriz do ionômero. Os resultados de EDX e DRX indicaram fases de hidroxiapatita e β-trifosfato de cálcio. Os espectros de FTIR revelaram a banda assimétrica de ν3PO4 3- entre 1100-1030cm-1 e a banda de vibração associada a ν1PO4 3- em 963cm-1 associada a nCaP. O nCaP / GIC apresentou resposta adequada à viabilidade celular e comportamento não citotóxico. Portanto, o novo compósito nCaP / GIC apresentou ótimas propriedades mecânicas, comportamento não citotóxico e resposta adequada à viabilidade celular com promissoras aplicações odontológicas.

Smile Transformation with Composite Resin by Semi-Direct Technique: a Case Report / Transformação Do Sorriso Com Resina Composta Por Técnica Semi-Direta: Relato De Caso

Composite veneers stand out in modern dentistry for their practicality, time-saving and excellent optical properties. This work describes the operative steps for the realization of veneers in composite resin in an academic clinical environment using a semi-direct technique. A 21-yearold female patient attended the clinic-school complaining of aesthetic dissatisfaction with her smile. In the clinical dental evaluation, multiple diastemas were observed in the upper anterior teeth, and resin cement residues from orthodontic bracket bonding. In addition, the patient expressed an interest in having bigger and whiter teeth. In view of the complaints reported by the patient, the following treatment sequence was proposed: 1. Removal of residual resin cement from all teeth; 2. Tooth whitening; 3. Confection of composite resin veneers using the semi-direct technique on the upper teeth (canine to canine). The die stone that had already been made for the home bleaching procedure was used for esthetic rehabilitation. The 6 veneers were made using a nanoparticulate resin. The veneers were cemented and adjusted. The 12-month follow-up showed an excellent marginal adaptation and an excellent aesthetic and function quality. The semi-direct technique may be considered a therapeutic option based on the conservation of sound tooth structure, minimal emotional stress during clinical work and excellent final optical and mechanical properties. Simplicity and practicality of the technique allow reproducibility and excellent results at a lower cost when compared to dental ceramics. (AU)

As facetas em resina composta destacam-se na odontologia moderna por sua praticidade, economia de tempo e excelentes propriedades ópticas. Este trabalho descreve as etapas operatórias para a realização de facetas em resina composta em ambiente clínico acadêmico utilizando a técnica semi-direta. Paciente do sexo feminino, 21 anos, compareceu à clínica-escola com queixa de insatisfação estética com seu sorriso. Na avaliação clínica odontológica, foram observados múltiplos diastemas nos dentes anteriores superiores e resíduos de cimento resinoso proveniente da colagem de braquetes ortodônticos. Além disso, a paciente manifestou interesse em ter dentes maiores e mais brancos. Diante das queixas relatadas pela paciente, foi proposta a seguinte sequência de tratamento: 1. Remoção do cimento resinoso residual detodos os dentes; 2. Clareamento dental; 3. Confecção de facetas de resina composta pela técnica semi-direta nos dentes superiores (canino a canino). O modelo de gesso já confeccionado para o clareamento caseiro foi utilizado para a reabilitação estética. As 6 facetas foram confeccionadas utilizando resina nanoparticulada. As facetas foram cimentadas e ajustadas. O seguimento de 12 meses mostrou uma excelente adaptação marginal e uma excelente qualidade estética e funcional. A técnica semi-direta pode ser considerada uma opção terapêutica baseada na conservação da estrutura dentária sadia, mínimo estresse emocional durante o trabalho clínico e excelentes propriedades ópticas e mecânicas finais. A simplicidade e praticidade da técnica permitem reprodutibilidade e excelentes resultados a um custo menor quando comparado às cerâmicas odontológicas. (AU)

Evaluation of the g473a polymorphism in the lysyl oxidase gene as a risk factor related to the occurrence of breast cancer in Brazilian women / Avaliação do polimorfismo g473a no gene da lisil oxidase como fator de risco relacionado à ocorrência de câncer de mama em mulheres brasileiras

Introdução: o câncer de mama é o tipo de câncer mais diagnosticado e a principal causa de morte entre as mulheres em todo o mundo. Aproximadamente 1,67 milhões de novos casos de câncer de mama foram diagnosticados em 2012, levando a mais de meio milhão de mortes. O câncer de mama foi responsável por 11,6% dos novos casos de cânceres diagnosticados (2.089 milhões) e 9,2% (787.000) das mortes relacionadas ao câncer para ambos os sexos e em todas as idades em todo o mundo em 2018.Objetivo: o câncer de mama como o carcinoma mais diagnosticado no mundo e a principal causa de morte entre as mulheres, é uma morbidade de grande importância, sendo o objetivo deste estudo avaliar a associação entre o polimorfismo do gene LOX G473A (rs1800449) a ocorrência de câncer de mama, potencialmente estabelecendo um novo achado na identificação de riscos, prevenção, e atendimento a um grupo específico de mulheres.Método: neste estudo de coorte retrospectivo, a frequência do polimorfismo LOX G473A foi avaliada em 148 mulheres com câncer de mama e 245 mulheres sem a doença. Todas as pacientes responderam a um questionário para identificação de possíveis fatores de risco e posteriormente realizaram coleta de sangue periférico para estudo do gene LOX. O DNA foi extraído seguido da amplificação gênica via PCR, e o polimorfismo foi estudado por eletroforese de fragmentos específicos após digestão das amostras com a endonuclease de restrição do organismo Providencia stuartii.Resultados: este estudo identificou o uso de anticoncepcional oral e o antecedente familiar de câncer de mama como fatores de risco par a doença; o polimorfismo G473A na LOX não foi identificado como fator de risco.Conclusão: não foi observada relação entre o polimorfismo LOX G473A e a ocorrência de câncer de mama.

Introduction: breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Approximately 1.67 million new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2012, leading to more than half a million deaths. Breast cancer accounted for 11.6% of newly diagnosed cancers (2,089 million) and 9.2% (787,000) of cancer-related deaths for both sexes and at all ages worldwide in 2018.Objective: breast cancer, as the most diagnosed carcinoma in the world and the leading cause of death among women, is a morbidity of outstanding importance, and the object of this study is to evaluate the association between the LOX gene G473A (rs1800449) polymorphism and breast cancer occurrence, potentially establishing a new finding in the identification of risks, prevention, and care for a specific group of women.Methods:in this retrospective cohort study, LOX G473A polymorphism frequency was assessed in 148 women with breast cancer and 245 women without breast cancer. All patients completed a questionnaire to identify possible risk factors and subsequently underwent peripheral blood collection to study the LOX gene. DNA was extracted followed by gene amplification via PCR, and the polymorphism was studied by specific fragment electrophoresis after digestion of the samples with the restriction endonuclease Pstl.Results: this study identified the use of oral contraceptives and family history of breast cancer as risk factors for breast cancer; the G473A polymorphism in LOX was not identified as a risk factor.Conclusion: a relationship was not observed between the LOX G473A polymorphism and the occurrence of breast cancer.

Community structure and specialization in fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in a region of Cerrado

ABSTRACT Ficus inflorescences host a species-rich chalcid wasp community, including pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae: Tetrapusinae, Kradibiinae, and Agaoninae) and several species of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW), that show several life-history strategies, including gall-inducers, kleptoparasites (i. e. inquilines), and parasitoids. We analyzed the structure and degree of specialization of the fig wasp community associated with Ficus inflorescences in urbanized areas, agroecosystems, and on the edge of forest fragments in the state of Goiás (Brazil). We sampled 34 wasp species in four native Ficus tree species, from which four wasp species occurred in more than one host. Neotropical fig pollinators (Pegoscapus and Tetrapus) were the most abundant species, and they were host-specific, although two pollinator species were associated with Ficus obtusifolia. The Jaccard similarity index was higher in samples of fig wasps collected in the same host, indicating that the community composition was specific to each host species. Community structure indices indicate a specialized structure with low connectance, high bidimensional Shannon H2' and low partner diversity. The communities present a modular web structure in which modules were represented by each host and its associated insect species. These results indicate that the fig wasp communities analyzed are highly specialized, despite a few not strictly host-specific species.

Influence of filling materials on the fracture resistance of resin composite used for sealing screw access hole / Influência dos materiais de preenchimento na resistência a fratura das resinas compostas utilizadas para selamento do orifício de acesso ao parafuso

Introduction: Screw-retained restorations have a screw access hole (SAH) sealed with resin composite aiming at safe-guarding the aesthetic features of the ceramic veneer. The loss or wear of the resin composite applied in sealing the SAH is among the most common complications in implant prosthodontics, as the fracture of ceramic veneer. Objective: Evaluate the influence of sealant materials on the fracture resistance of resin composite applied in sealing screw access hole in screwed (SAH) implants. Material and method: The samples were produced from UCLA abutments in metallic NiCr alloy with subsequent application of ceramic. After asperisation and conditioning ceramic surface, was applied silane and dentin adhesive, before sealing the conduits with resin composites Z100 and P60. Nine groups (n=10) were evaluated: sealing with Z-100 (ZNC) and P-60 (PNC) without obturation of SAH; sealing with Z100 (ZCP) and P-60 (PCP) with absorbent cotton; Z100 (ZPT) and P60 (PPT) with polytetrafluoroethylene; Z100 (ZGP) and P60 (PGP) with gutta-percha and a cemented ceramic crown (ICS). After the fracture resistance test, the data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (p<.05). Result: The fracture mode was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Irrespective of the filling material, the highest mean values of fracture resistance were observed in the sealing with P60 (p=.002). When combined with resins composed of a sealing material, the results obtained were: ZGP: 805.5N/ PGP: 929.5N

Introdução: As próteses parafusadas possuem orifício de acesso ao parafuso (SAH), os quais são selados com resina composta. Sua perda ou desgaste está entre as complicações mais comuns em próteses sobre implantes, associadas a fratura da lâmina cerâmica. Objetivo: Assim, é importante avaliar a influência dos materiais de selamento na resistência à fratura de resina composta aplicada ao SAH no selamento de prótese sobre implantes parafusadas. Material e método: As amostras foram produzidas utilizando pilares UCLA em liga metálica de NiCr com posterior aplicação de cerâmica. Após asperização e condicionamento da superfície cerâmica, foram aplicados silano e adesivo dentinário, antes da selagem dos condutos com as resinas compostas Z100 e P60. Foram avaliados nove grupos (n = 10): selamento com Z-100 (ZNC) e P-60 (PNC) sem selamento do SAH; selamento com Z100 (ZCP) e P-60 (PCP) com algodão absorvente; Z100 (ZPT) e P60 (PPT) com politetrafluoroetileno; Z100 (ZGP) e P60 (PGP) com guta-percha e coroa de cerâmica cimentada (ICS). Após o teste de resistência à fratura, os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA de dois fatores e testes Tukey HSD (p<0,05). O tipo de fratura foi avaliado por microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Resultado Independentemente do material obturador, os maiores valores médios de resistência à fratura foram observados no selamento com P60 (p=0,002). Quando combinados com resinas compostas por um material de selamento, os resultados obtidos foram: ZGP: 805,5N/ PGP: 929,5N

Hypoglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic effects of Syzygium cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and Syzygiumpaniculatum (Gaertn.)

SUMMARY Introduction: there is a recent increase in interest in the use of medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants. Objective: to verify the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of fruits of two species of the genus Syzygium, on glucose and lipid levels in the blood, using animal models. Results: the bark extract of the seeds of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels proved to be effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This same extract was also effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels. The extract from the seed nuclei of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and S. paniculatum (Gaertn) were effective in reducing blood triglyceride levels. Extracts from all parts of the fruits of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and of the seed nuclei of S. panic-ulatum (Gaertn) prevented weight gain in the animals. Conclusión: in general, the seed extract of both species showed a direct influence on the parameters and characteristics under study.

Introducción: hay un reciente aumento del interés en el uso de plantas medicinales y fitoterapéuticas. Objetivo: verificar el efecto de los extractos etanólicos de diferentes partes de frutos de dos especies del género Syzygium, sobre los niveles de glucosa y lípidos en la sangre, utilizando modelos animales. Resultados: el extracto de corteza de las semillas de S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels demostró ser eficaz para reducir los niveles de glucosa en la sangre. Este mismo extracto también fue eficaz para reducir los niveles de colesterol en la sangre. El extracto de los núcleos de semillas de S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels y S. paniculatum (Gaertn) fueron eficaces para reducir los niveles de triglicéridos en la sangre. Los extractos de todas las partes de los frutos de S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels y de los núcleos de semillas de S. paniculatum (Gaertn) impidieron el aumento de peso en los animales. Conclusión: en general, el extracto de semillas de ambas especies mostró una influencia directa sobre los parámetros y características en estudio.

Introdução: há um aumento recente do interesse pelo uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicas. Objetivo: verificar o efeito de extratos etanólicos de diferentes partes de frutos de duas espécies do gênero Syzygium, sobre os níveis de glicose e lipídios no sangue, por meio de modelos animais. Resultados: o extrato da casca das sementes de S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels mostrou-se eficaz na redução da glicemia. Este mesmo extrato também foi eficaz na redução dos níveis de colesterol no sangue. Os extratos dos núcleos das sementes de S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels e S. paniculatum (Gaertn) foram eficazes na redução dos níveis de triglicerídeos no sangue. Extratos de todas as partes dos frutos de S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels e dos núcleos das sementes de S. pani-culatum (Gaertn) impediram o ganho de peso nos animais. Conclusão: em geral, o extrato de sementes de ambas as espécies apresentou influência direta nos parâmetros e características em estudo.

Micro-CT evaluation of maxillary first molars: interorifice distances and internal anatomy of the mesiobuccal root

Abstract: This study aimed to describe the morphometric relationship of root canal orifices on the pulp floor in the presence/absence of mesiobuccal second canal (MB2) in the maxillary first molars and other aspects of its internal anatomy. Sixty-two maxillary first molars were scanned by micro-CT. The presence of the MB2 canal was verified. The distance between the center points of the MB1, MB2, distobuccal (DB), and palatal (P) canal orifices on the pulp floor were measured (MB1-MB2, MB1-DB, MB2-DB, MB1-P, and DB-P). The MB1-P to DB-P ratio was calculated. The distances between the anatomic apex and the MB1 and MB2 apical foramina were measured. The length of the band-shaped isthmus was also measured. Student's t-test was applied to verify the association between the presence of an MB2 canal, the interorifice distances, and the ratio of the MB1-P to DB-P distance (α = 5%). The MB2 canal was present in 43 roots (69.35%). Statistics showed significant differences when MB2 was present for the largest MB1-P distance (p < 0.05) and higher values for the MB1-P to DB-P ratio (p < 0.05). A band-shaped isthmus was detected in 25.8% of MB roots. The mean distance from the apical foramen to the isthmus floor ranged from 1.74 for MB1 canals to 1.42 for MB2 canals. Canal orifice distances on the pulp floor may predict the presence of MB2 canals. There was a high incidence of isthmus, accessory canals, and apical delta in the critical apical zone in MB roots of maxillary first molars.

The new bone formation in human maxillary sinuses using two bone substitutes with different resorption types associated or not with autogenous bone graft: a comparative histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and randomized clinical study

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the new bone and connective tissue formation and the biomaterial remaining after maxillary sinus bone augmentation using 5 different bone substitutes. The osteocalcin immunolabeling was performed to demonstrate their calcification and the possibility of receiving dental implants. Methodology 40 patients underwent maxillary sinus bone augmentation and were divided in 5 groups: Group 1 with 8 maxillary sinuses were grafted with autogenous bone graft (AB); Group 2 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with bioactive glass (BG); Group 3 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with bioactive glass added to autogenous bone graft (BG + AB) 1:1; Group 4 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with Bio-Oss (BO) and Group 5 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with Bio-Oss added to autogenous bone graft (BO + AB) 1:1. Results In group AB, 37.8% of bone was formed in the pristine bone region, 38.1% in the intermediate and 44.5% in the apical region. In group BG, 43.6% was formed in the pristine bone, 37% in the intermediate and 49.3% in the apical region. In group BG + AB 1:1, 39.0% was formed in the pristine bone region, 34.8% in the intermediate and 36.8% in apical region. In group BO, 33.4% was formed in the pristine bone, 32.5% in the intermediate and 34.3% in the apical region. In group BO + AB 1:1, 32.8% was formed in the pristine bone, 36.1% in intermediate and 27.8% in the apical regions. The immunolabeling for osteocalcin showed an intensive staining for all groups, which could demonstrate the calcification of the bone formed. Conclusion This study showed that the groups evaluated formed a suitable lamellar bone in the maxillary sinus reconstruction after six months of bone healing, thus being indicated to receive dental implants.

A micro-CT evaluation of the performance of rotary and reciprocating single-file systems in shaping ability of curved root canals

Abstract To compare the shaping ability of different single-file systems in the preparation of mesial curved canals of mandibular molars using micro-CT technology. Fifteen mesial roots of mandibular molars with two independent and curved canals (n = 30) were selected, scanned at a resolution of 26.7 μm anatomically matched, and distributed into three groups (n = 10), according to the preparation system: WaveOne 25.08, Reciproc 25.08, and OneShape 25.06. A final micro-CT scanning was performed, data sets were registered with their respective counterparts, and compared regarding the three-dimensional (volume, surface area, and structure model index - SMI) and two-dimensional (perimeter, area, roundness, major and minor diameters) parameters, as well as, canal transportation, using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 5%). Overall, no difference was observed between groups regarding area, perimeter, volume, surface area, and canal transportation (p > 0.05). Within group, no canal transportation was significantly higherobserved in the apical third (0.10 ± 0.05 mm) compared to coronal (0.08±0.040 mm) and middle (0.07 ± 0.03 mm) thirds (p < 0.05). Structure model index (SMI) was statistically higher after preparation with OneShape instrument (0.36 ± 0.26) compared to other systems (p < 0.05). Within the parameters of this study, similar shaping ability was observed in the preparation of mesial curved root canals of mandibular molars with Reciproc, OneShape and WaveOne systems.

Occurrence of overweight in schoolchildren and analysis of agreement between anthropometric methods / Ocorrência de excesso de peso em escolares e análise da concordância entre métodos antropométricos

Abstract The child population is strongly affected by obesity. Accessible and reliable strategies for the obesity diagnosis are of utmost importance.. The aim of this study was to identify childhood obesity according the WHO (World Health Organization): malnourished, healthy weight, overweight and obese. It was collected measures of height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TSF) of 449 children from Municipal School of Araras/SP, from 7 to 10 years old. It was performed a Spearman correlation test between BMI, WC and TSF variables. Also, was realized cross tabulation between the found results by the different methods, constructing a contingency table 2x2, with absolute frequency of boys and girls classified as "without overweight" and "with overweight". The concordance between methods was analyzed by kappa index. In the results, 28.3% of children presented overweight according to BMI, with higher prevalence in boys. Generally, the found results through TSF showed strong correlation with both BMI and WC (rs=0.7994 e rs=0.7519, respectively). The same was observed when data was analyzed separately by sex. When crossed the TSF data with BMI and WC, the kappa index demonstrated a satisfactory concordance (0.4419 e 0.5161, respectively). The TSF can be suggested a method to body composition assessment and cardiometabolic risk in children.

Resumo A população infantil mostra-se fortemente atingida pela obesidade. Estratégias acessíveis e confiáveis para o diagnóstico da obesidade são de extrema importância. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a obesidade infantil de acordo com a OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde): desnutridas, peso saudável, sobrepeso e obesas. Foram coletadas medidas de estatura, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência abdominal (CA) e Dobra Cutânea Tricipital (DCT) de 449 crianças de uma Escola Municipal na cidade de Araras/SP, de 7 a 10 anos de idade. Foi realizado o teste de correlação de Spearman entre as variáveis IMC, CA e DCT. Também foi realizado tabulação cruzada entre os resultados encontrados pelos diferentes métodos, construindo uma tabela de contingência 2x2, com a frequência absoluta de meninos e meninas classificados como "sem excesso de peso" e "com excesso de peso". A concordância entre os métodos foi analisada pelo índice kappa. Nos resultados 28,3% das crianças apresentaram excesso de peso de acordo com o IMC, com maior ocorrência entre os meninos. De modo geral, os resultados encontrados por meio da DCT apresentaram forte correlação tanto com IMC quanto com CA (rs=0,7994 e rs=0,7519, respectivamente). O mesmo foi observado quando analisados separadamente por sexo. Quando cruzados os dados de DCT com os de IMC e CA, o índice kappa revelou uma satisfatória concordância (0,4419 e 0,5161, respectivamente). A DCT pode ser sugerido como um método para investigação de composição corporal e risco cardiometabólico de crianças.

Apicificação em dente desvitalizado com rizogênese incompleta, associando hidróxido de cálcio e agregado trióxido mineral: relato de caso / Apexification in non-vital teeth with incomplete root formation associating calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report

O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o manejo de um caso clínico de dente com rizogênese incompleta e necrose pulpar, em um paciente do sexo masculino, 13 anos de idade, com histórico de traumatismo dentário nos incisivos centrais superiores. Após diagnóstico clínico e radiográfico, com confirmação de necrose pulpar, os dentes foram submetidos ao procedimento de apicogênese com hidróxido de cálcio e posterior apicificação com agregado trióxido mineral (MTA)e obturação dos canais radiculares com guta-percha. Após acompanhamento de 20 meses, observou-se supressão da sintomatologia dolorosa, ausência de comprometimento periodontal e, radiograficamente, redução da lesão periapical. Aos 60 meses, foi observada manutenção da saúde periodontal e completa cicatrização da lesão periapical. (AU).

Introduction: Immature teeth with pulp necrosis constitute a challenge to endodontic therapy. Our objective was to describe the management of a tooth case of with incomplete rizogenesis and pulp necrosis. Methods: Patient, male, 13-years-old, with a history of dental trauma in the maxillary central incisors. After confirmation of pulp necrosis, the teeth were submitted to calcium hydroxide intracanal and, posteriorly, apicification with MTA and obturation with gutta-percha. Results: After 20-month follow-up, suppression of the pain symptomatology, absence of periodontal impairment and reduction of the periapical lesion were observed. At 60 months, periodontal health maintenance and complete healing of the periapical lesion were confirmed. Conclusion: Association of intracanal calcium hydroxide with MTA in apicification procedure is a viable alternative to the endodontic treatment of non-vital teeth with incomplete rizogenesis (AU).

Comparison of Treponema pallidum genomes for the prediction of resistance genes

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, which is highly prevalent in several countries,including Brazil. The use of bioinformatics’ tools for the identification of resistance genes is an important practice for thestudy of microorganisms, such as T. pallidum. In this study, the complete genomes of 43 strains of T. pallidum, isolatedfrom different countries, were analyzed. A total of 41,514 sequences were obtained, and compared against prokaryoteresistance gene databases using BLASTn, BLASTx and RGI for gene alignment and prediction. From the alignments, itwas possible to identify antibiotic resistance genes for each strain. The genes identified in each comparison were groupedaccording to the antibiotic category in which they show resistance to. The antibiotic-resistant genes related to drugs used totreat syphilis were grouped separately. The in silico tools used have shown to be effective in identifying resistance genes ingenomes of T. pallidum strains. Due to the lack of research and accurate information regarding the antibiotic resistancegenes in T. pallidum, this study serves as a basis for studies in molecular biology whose aim is the identification of thesegenes, besides being a reference to help in the control and treatment of this infection.

Polymicrobial Leakage and Retention of MTA and Portland Cement in a Model of Apexification

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the sealing capacity and retention of apical barriers made with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC). Material and Methods: Fifty-six bovine incisors were sectioned 8 mm above and 12 mm below the cement-enamel junction. The root canal was enlarged with a diamond drill to create a standard 2.5 mm diameter opening. Apical sheets of 5 mm thickness were placed using white MTA-Angelus or white PC. Fifteen samples of each material were exposed to human saliva in a dual chamber apparatus and casting was evaluated at 30 days. Samples without apical barriers and fully sealed samples were used as positive and negative controls (n = 3), respectively. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) after 3 periods: 1 to 10 days (P1); days 11 to 20 (P2); and days 21 to 30 (P3). Then, three 1 mm thick sections were obtained at the apical level of other root samples of each material (n = 10) and the push-out test was performed Results: The leakage rates in P1, P2 and P3 were 60%, 73.3% and 100% for the MTA; and 73.3%, 86.7% and 100% for CP, with no significant difference between materials, regardless of the period analyzed. There were no significant differences between the bond strengths for both cements (p>0.05) Conclusion: Mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement apical barriers presented similar sealing ability and bond strength values.

Bioceramic cement in the filling of bone defects in rats

Abstract Purpose To evaluate PBS®MCIMMO cement in the filling of bone defects. Methods Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of twelve individuals each (group 1, group 2 and group 3). In all groups, a bone failure in the femur was induced, 2.0 mm wide and 7.0 mm deep. In group 1, the PBS®MCIMMO cement was applied to the bone defect produced and a titanium implant (CONNECTION®) 1.5 mm thick and 6 mm long was installed. In group 2, only the PBS® CIMMO cement was installed. In group 3, only bone failure was performed. Kruskal Wallis tests were performed to compare the mean area among the three groups. Results In all comparisons, significance was observed for group 2 (p = 0.0014-0.0026). Conclusion The PBS®CIMMO cement induced bone neoformation, and integration between the newly formed bone, cement, and implant was observed.

Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental para bulimia nervosa crônica e severa: estudo de caso / Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for chronic and severe bulimia nervosa: case study / Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual para bulimia nerviosa crónica y severa: estudio de caso

Objetivo: apresentar o processo e os resultados de uma intervenção psicoterápica de orientação Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC) para o tratamento de uma paciente adulta com bulimia nervosa crônica e severa. Método: o processo de psicoterapia ocorreu em 20 sessões, em um período de seis meses. Foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: psicoeducação, treinamento de habilidades de comunicação, biblioterapia, balança decisória, identificação de crenças disfuncionais associadas ao corpo, à comida e à alimentação, automonitoramento e análise funcional dos episódios de compulsão alimentar e de comportamentos compensatórios. A gravidade do transtorno alimentar, a ocorrência de compulsão alimentar, os comportamentos compensatórios e as medidas antropométricas foram acessadas por medidas de autorrelato nos períodos pré, pós-tratamento e em seguimento. Resultados: Ao final da intervenção, houve remissão da compulsão alimentar e redução significativa dos comportamentos compensatórios.Não houve variação expressiva dos indicadores antropométricos. Todavia, crenças disfuncionais permaneceram ao final do tratamento,sobretudo com relação à forma física. Conclusões: No presente estudo, a recuperação comportamental foi anterior à normalização cognitiva e verificou-se a presença de sintomas cognitivos residuais. A TCC produziu efeitos positivos e mostrou-se aplicável e viável, apesar da severidade e cronicidade do caso.(AU)

Aim: to present the process and the results of a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention for the treatment of chronic and severe bulimia nervosa of an adult patient. Method: The psychotherapy process took 20 sessions, along 6 months. The following techniques were used: psychoeducation, communication skillstraining, bibliotherapy, decision scale, identification of dysfunctional beliefs about body image, food and nutrition,self-monitoring, and functional analysis of of binge eating and compensatory episodes. The severity of the eating disorder, the occurrence of binge eating, the compensatory behaviors and the anthropometric measurements were accessed by self-report measures in the pre, post-treatment and during the follow-up. Results: At the end of treatment, the patient did not present binge eating and there was a significant reduction of compensatory behaviors. There was no significant variation in the anthropometric indicators. Dysfunctional beliefsremained, especially regarding shape. Conclusions: in this clinical case, behavioralrecovery was priorto cognitive normalization and the presence of residual cognitive symptoms was verified. CBT was feasible and produced positive effects, despite the severity and chronicity of the case.(AU)

Objetivo: presentar el proceso y resultados de una intervención psicoterápica de orientación Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC) para el tratamiento de una paciente adulta con bulimia nerviosa crónica y severa. Método: el proceso de psicoterapia ocurrió en 20 sesiones, en un período de seis meses. Se utilizaron las siguientes técnicas: psicoeducación, entrenamiento de habilidades de comunicación, biblioterapia, balanza decisoria, identificación de creencias disfuncionales asociadas al cuerpo, a la comida y alimentación, automonitoramiento y análisis funcional de los episodios de compulsión alimentaria y comportamientos compensatorios. La gravedad del trastorno alimentario, la ocurrencia de compulsión alimentaria, los comportamientos compensatorios y las medidas antropométricas fueron accedidas por medidas de autorelato en los períodos pre y post-tratamiento y en seguimiento. Resultados: Al final del tratamiento, hubo remisión de la compulsión alimentaria y reducción significativa de los comportamientos compensatorios. No hubo variación expresiva de los indicadores antropométricos. Sin embargo, las creencias disfuncionales permanecieron al final del tratamiento,sobre todo en relación con la forma física. Conclusiones: En el presente caso, la recuperación comportamental fue anterior a la normalización cognitiva y se verificó la presencia de síntomas cognitivos residuales. La TCC produjo efectos positivos y se mostró aplicable y viable, a pesar de la severidad y cronicidad del caso.(AU)

Estudo descritivo dos atendimentos ao trauma de vítimas com ferimentos por projéteis de arma de fogo / A descriptive study of the reported cases of victims with firearm injuries in the city of São Paulo

Introdução: Os ferimentos por arma de fogo, assim como os homicídios no Brasil representam uma questão nacional de saúde pública. O estudo dos efeitos diretos e indiretos das dinâmicas da violência sobre o setor saúde provocou o crescente interesse de especialistas, seja pelas consequências da violência para a saúde das populações mais gravemente afetadas, seja pelo impacto sobre o processo de trabalho dos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: descrever o perfil das vítimas e das agressões por projétil de arma de fogo, ocorridos na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, que teve como fonte de dados o Sistema de Informação de Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes da cidade de São Paulo (SIVVA), na seleção das notificações, incluíram-se aquelas relativas à agressões por terceiros contra homens e mulheres, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2014 na cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Durante o ano de 2014 foram notificados 555 casos de vítimas por ferimento por arma de fogo na cidade de São Paulo. O perfil das vítimas com ferimentos causados por PAF predominaram indivíduos do sexo masculino (83,8%), entre 15 e 29 anos de idade (54,6%). Conclusão: As armas de fogo têm grande importância epidemiológica, constituindo-se instrumentos largamente utilizados para a prática da violência, um ônus significativo para a população. Diminuir sua morbimortalidade é um dos principais desafios para a saúde pública.

Introduction: Gunshot wounds, as well as homicides in Brazil, represent a national public health issue. The study of the direct and indirect effects of the dynamics of violence on the health sector has provoked the growing interest of specialists, either by the consequences of violence to the health of the most severely affected populations or by the impact on the work process of the health services. Objective: to describe the profile of the victims and the firearm projectile assaults in the city of São Paulo. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative approach, based on the Violence and Accidents Surveillance Information System of the city of São Paulo (SIVVA), in the selection of the notifications. aggressions by third parties against men and women, from January to December 2014 in the city of São Paulo. Results: During the year of 2014 were reported 555 cases of victims by firearm injury in the city of São Paulo. The profile of the victims with injuries caused by PAF predominated among males (83.8%), between 15 and 29 years of age (54.6%). Conclusion: Firearms have great epidemiological importance, being widely used instruments for the practice of violence, a significant burden for the poppulation. Reducing your morbidity and mortality is one of the main challenges for public health.

Acidentes de trânsito por atropelamentos na cidade de São Paulo: Série histórica / Accients of traffic by trampling in the city of São Paulo: historical series

Introdução: Atualmente surge a necessidade de pesquisas sobre a os fatores de risco para pedestres vitimas de acidentes de trânsito para que se possa executar estratégias e políticas específicas para prevenção no nosso contexto. Objetivo: O estudo objetiva avaliar as ocorrências relacionadas a acidentes de trânsito envolvendo pedestres na cidade de São Paulo e sua distribuição espacial por meio de uma série histórica. Métodos: Foi traçada uma série temporal de quatorze anos (2000 a 2014) utilizando-se dados extraídos do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH). No período analisado ocorreram 48.879 internações por atropelamento de pedestres (acidentes de trânsito) na cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Os atropelamentos de pedestres, segundo o veículo de colisão ocorreram principalmente por: automóveis (21,0%), motocicletas (10,1%), ônibus (4,0%) e bicicleta (1,5%). Em relação ao sexo da vítima, os atropelamentos de pedestres ocorrem principalmente no sexo masculino (70,1%). Discussão: Os pedestres são as vítimas de trânsito com maior risco de lesões graves, dada a fragilidade do corpo humano frente a um veículo. Pesquisas sobre a acidentalidade dos pedestres são importantes para construir um conhecimento fidedigno da realidade local e para nortear intervenções eficazes Conclusão: Diante dos resultados encontrados neste estudo, prevalece como vítimas de atropelamento população jovens e no sexo masculino. Podemos concluir que a prevenção aos acidentes de trânsito é atitude indispensável frente à morbimortalidade e aos custos que representam ao nosso país.

Introduction: Currently there is a need for research on the risk factors for pedestrians victims of traffic accidents so that you can perform specific strategies and policies for prevention in our context. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the occurrences related to traffic accidents involving pedestrians in the city of São Paulo and its spatial distribution by means of a series. Methods: A time series of fourteen was drawn (2000 to 2014) using data taken from the Hospital Information System (HIS). In the analyzed period there were 48,879 admissions for pedestrian trampling (traffic accidents) in São Paulo. Results: The running over pedestrians, according to the vehicle collision occurred mainly by: automobiles (21.0%), motorcycles (10.1%), buses (4.0%) and cycling (1.5%). Regarding the sex of the victim, the pedestrian pedestrian accidents occur mainly in males (70.1%). Discussion: Pedestrians are traffic victims at greater risk of serious injury, given the fragility of the human body in front of a vehicle. Research on accident rates of pedestrians are important to build a reliable knowledge of the local reality and to guide effective interventions. Conclusion: With the results of this study, prevails as victims of trampling young population and in males. We conclude that the prevention of traffic accidents is indispensable attitude towards mortality and costs that represent our country.

Neurophobia in Brazil: Detecting and Preventing a Global Issue / Neurofobia no Brasil: Detectando e Prevenindo um Problema Global

ABSTRACT Neurophobia is a global issue known as a fear of Neurology and Neurosciences by medical students and physicians, and it may contribute to a reduced number of trained neurologists and a global misunderstanding of neurological diseases among physicians. To date, there are no studies that address the issue of Neurophobia in Brazil. The present study aimed to evaluate the perception of Neurology and Neurosciences among Brazilian medical students. Students from four medical schools in the state of Pará, in the second (pre-clinical phase), fourth (clinical phase) and sixth (internship) years of the course, were submitted to a self-administered and written questionnaire divided into two sections: the first section included questions assessing their perceived level of interest, level of knowledge, degree of difficulty, confidence in examining patients, quality of teaching in medical school and likelihood of pursuing the career, concerning different clinical specialties (Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Neurology, Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology). In the second section, there were questions about possible reasons why Neurology was perceived as a difficult subject and possible ways to improve neurological education. A total of 486 questionnaires were completed. Neurology was perceived as the most difficult clinical specialty (mean score 4.00; p < 0.001), in which students feel least confident about conducting physical examinations (mean score 2.97; p < 0.001), and with the worst quality of teaching (mean score 3.12; p < 0.001). The main cause of Neurophobia was the need to know neuroanatomy and neurophysiology (very important reason for 39.4% of students), and the most frequently suggested method to improve neurological education was through more and better bedside tutorials (very important factor — 53.3%). Students developing extracurricular activities, women and older students had more unfavorable opinions about Neurology. Neurophobia is also present in Brazil, and new educational approaches must be proposed to improve the misperception of Neurology by medical students. The Medical Education Commission of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology should propose guidelines on Neurology teaching at undergraduate level.

RESUMO A Neurofobia é um problema global conhecido como uma aversão à Neurologia e às Neurociências por parte de estudantes de Medicina e médicos, podendo contribuir para que se forme um número reduzido de neurologistas e que haja um desconhecimento global sobre manejo de doenças neurológicas entre médicos. Até o momento, não existem estudos sobre Neurofobia no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a percepção de Neurologia e Neurociências entre estudantes de Medicina no Brasil. Estudantes de quatro escolas médicas no Estado do Pará, matriculados no segundo ano (fase pré-clínica), quarto ano (fase clínica) e sexto ano (internato), responderam a um questionário autoaplicado, dividido em duas partes: a primeira incluiu perguntas sobre o nível de interesse, nível de conhecimento, grau de dificuldade, confiança ao examinar pacientes, qualidade das aulas no curso médico e probabilidade de seguir carreira, envolvendo diferentes especialidades clínicas (Cardiologia, Endocrinologia, Gastroenterologia, Nefrologia, Neurologia, Pneumologia e Reumatologia). Na segunda parte, foram feitas perguntas sobre possíveis razões para a Neurologia ser vista como uma disciplina difícil e sobre possíveis maneiras de melhorar a educação neurológica. Foram preenchidos 486 questionários. A Neurologia foi percebida como a disciplina mais difícil (pontuação média 4.00; p < 0.001), em que há menos confiança no exame físico (pontuação média 2.97; p < 0.001) e a de pior qualidade de aulas (pontuação média 3.12; p < 0.001). O principal motivo da Neurofobia foi a necessidade de saber Neuroanatomia e Neurofisiologia (razão muito importante para 39,4% dos estudantes), e a sugestão mais importante para melhorar a educação neurológica foi aumentar a quantidade e a qualidade das aulas práticas (fator muito importante — 53,3%). Estudantes envolvidos em atividades extracurriculares, do sexo feminino e mais velhos têm opiniões mais desfavoráveis a respeito da Neurologia. A Neurofobia está também presente no Brasil, e novas abordagens educacionais devem ser propostas para melhora da atual percepção desfavorável da Neurologia por estudantes de Medicina. Sugerimos que a Comissão de Educação Médica da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia proponha diretrizes para o ensino de Neurologia na graduação.